two cycle detroit diesel engine information provides info on the Detroit Diesel Allison Lube Oil Recommendation
Detroit Diesel Allison Lube Oil Recommendations for
Detroit Diesel 2-Cycle Engines
This information is VERY important for anyone purchasing any truck
with a Two Cycle Detroit Diesel Engine
from DDC publication 6SA314 8901
Lubricant Recommendation - Detroit Diesel Two Cycle
Engines
SAE Viscosity Grade 40 API Classification: CD-II, (Note: CD-II is an obsolete SAE Viscosity Grade 40 API Classification: CD-II, (Note: CD-II is an obsolete designation replaced by the current API Rating CF-2) Military Spec: MIL-L-2104D
Sulfated Ash: Less than 1.0% - This is the only engine oil recommended for Detroit Diesel two-cycle engines. Lubricants meeting these criteria have provided maximum engine life when used in conjunction with recommended oil drain and filter maintenance schedules. (For additional oil selection criteria, see publication 7SE270.) The API category CD-II (CF-2)(Note: CD-II is an obsolete designation replaced by the current API Rating CF-2) is relatively new and may not be fully in use at the time of this publication.
(NOTE: This publication was published in 1989) API category CD may be used provided the recommended military specification is satisfied. Oils with API designation "CE" are not recommended in DDC two-cycle engines unless accompanied by CD-II (CF-2) (Note: CD-II is an obsolete designation replaced by the current API Rating CF-2)
Single Grade-High Ash Content Lube Oils
High ash oils (greater than 1,000 mass % ASTM D-874) tend to form excessive
deposits on engine parts, resulting in impairment of their function (exhaust
valve closure, for example). These are NOT recommended, except where the
continuous use of high sulfur content diesel fuels (greater than 0.5 mass
%)
is unavoidable and where a high TBN, LOW ASH oil is not available.
Multi-Vis Oils
Less than optimum engine life must be expected when using 15w-40 oils.
Multi-vis oils tend to break down due to mechanical and thermal stress
which results in
a loss of viscosity and premature engine wear. Multi-vis oils do help
cranking when temperatures are below 32 degrees F (0 degrees C). However,
once the
engine starts, the major advantage of the multi-vis oils is exhausted.
When the engine reaches operating temperature, the internal engine temperatures
and
pressures vary little from an engine operating in much warmer climates.
This is when the 2 cycle engine benefits from the superior protection
of a 40 wt.
Starting aids such as automatic ether systems and /or on-board auxiliary heaters provide more reliable starting without sacrificing engine life.
Function of Lubricating Oils
All diesel engines require heavy duty lubricating oils. Basic requirements of such oils are: Lubricating quality, High heat resistance, Control of contaminants, Lubricating Quality.
The reduction of friction and wear by maintaining an oil film between
moving parts is the primary requisite of a lubricant. Film thickness and
its ability to
prevent metal-to-metal contact of moving parts is related to oil viscosity.
The optimums for Detroit Diesel two-cycle engines are SAE 40 grade oils.
High Heat Resistance
Temperature is the most important factor in determining the rate at which deterioration or oxidation of the lubricating oil will occur. The oil should have adequate thermal stability at elevated temperatures, thereby precluding formation of harmful carbonaceous and/or ash deposits.
Control of Contaminants
The piston and compression rings must ride on a film of oil to minimize
wear and prevent cylinder seizure. At normal rates of consumption, oil
reaches a
temperature zone at the upper part of the piston where rapid oxidation
and carbonization can occur. In addition, as oil circulates through the
engine, it is
continuously contaminated by soot, acids, and water originating from combustion.
Until they are exhausted, detergent and dispersant additives aid in keeping
sludge and varnish from depositing on engine parts. But such additives
in excessive quantities can result in detrimental ash deposits. If abnormal
ash deposits form on the exhaust valve seats, early engine failure may
result. Oil that is carried up the cylinder liner wall is normally consumed
during engine operation. The oil and additives leave carbonaceous and/or
ash deposits when subjected to the elevated temperatures of the combustion
chamber. The amount of deposits is influenced by the composition, additive
content, engine temperature, and oil consumption rate.
Oil Quality
Oil quality is the responsibility of the oil supplier. (The term "oil
supplier" is applicable to refiners, blenders, and re branders of
petroleum products). Oil
quality can be affected by handling cleanliness, contamination, dirt,
water, etc.
Engine Parts Can Tell The Difference in Oils
The following oil performance parameters should be compared:
Ring Sticking tendencies and/or ring conditions, piston skirt scuffing
and cylinder liner wear and scuffing, exhaust valve face and seat deposits,
piston pin and slipper bushing wear, overall valve train and bearing wear
levels
Oil Caution
There are hundreds of commercial crankcase oils marketed today. Obviously,
engine manufacturers or users cannot completely evaluate the numerous
commercial oils. The selection of a suitable lubricant in consultation
with a reliable oil supplier and observance of his oil drain recommendations
(based on
used oil samples analysis and experience), and provide filter maintenance,
will provide the best assurance of satisfactory oil performance.
It should be noted that lube oil manufactures may reformulate and oil
while maintaining the American Petroleum Institute classification, or
may reformulate
to a new API classification and continue the brand name designation. For
example, SE oils being reformulated to SF letter code classification may
perform differently after this reformulation. A close working relationship
with the lube oil manufacturer should be maintained so that any reformulation
can be
reviewed and a decision made as to its effect on continued satisfactory
performance.
Detroit Diesel Used Lube Oil Analysis Program
The Detroit Diesel lube oil analysis program is recommended for monitoring
the condition of the crankcase oil in all engines. Primarily, used lube
oil analyses indicate the condition of the oil but not necessarily the
condition of the engine. Never tear down an engine based solely on the
analysis results obtained from a single used oil sample. However, the
condition of the engine should be investigated using conventional mechanical
and/or electronic diagnostic instruments. Frequently, visual inspections
are all that is required to detect
problem areas related to engine wear. It is also prudent to obtain another
oil sample from the suspected distressed unit for analysis.
Abnormal concentrations of some contaminants such as diesel fuel, coolant, road salt, or airborne dirt cannot be tolerated for prolonged periods. Their presence will be reflected in accelerated engine wear, which can result in less than optimum engine life. The oil should be changed immediately if any contamination is present in concentrations exceeding the warning limits.
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